Riedel's thyroiditis

Riedel's thyroiditis
Synonyms	Riedel's struma, Riedel's chronic thyroiditis, Riedel's invasive fibrous thyroiditis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hypothyroidism, neck pain, dysphagia, dyspnea, hoarseness
Complications	Compression of trachea, compression of esophagus, hypoparathyroidism
Onset	Typically in middle-aged adults
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly autoimmune
Risks	IgG4-related disease
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, imaging studies, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Thyroid cancer, subacute thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Corticosteroids, surgery
Medication	Glucocorticoids
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	Rarely fatal

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a fibrosing process that invades the thyroid gland and extends into adjacent neck structures. It is named after the German pathologist Friedrich Ernst Riedel, who first described the condition in 1896.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Riedel's thyroiditis can vary greatly from person to person. Some people may have no symptoms at all, while others may experience:

• A hard, painless mass in the neck
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Cough

Causes

The exact cause of Riedel's thyroiditis is unknown. However, it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Riedel's thyroiditis is often difficult due to its rarity and the lack of specific symptoms. It is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment for Riedel's thyroiditis is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications. This may include:

• Medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system
• Surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland
• Radiation therapy

Prognosis

The prognosis for Riedel's thyroiditis is generally good, although the disease can cause significant morbidity due to its invasive nature and potential for causing complications.

See also

• Thyroiditis
• Autoimmune diseases
• Thyroid gland