Sclerostin

Sclerostin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOST gene. It is a secreted glycoprotein with a C-terminal cysteine knot-like (CTCK) domain and sequence similarity to the DAN family of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists.

Function

Sclerostin is a potent inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathway, which are essential for the formation of bone and cartilage. It is produced by osteocytes and plays a crucial role in bone homeostasis, regulating bone formation and resorption.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the SOST gene are associated with two rare human diseases, Sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease, which are characterized by high bone mass due to increased bone formation. Inhibition of sclerostin, therefore, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders characterized by low bone mass.

Therapeutic use

Sclerostin inhibitors, such as Romosozumab, have been developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. These drugs work by blocking the action of sclerostin, thereby increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption.

See also

• Osteoporosis
• Bone morphogenetic protein
• Wnt signaling pathway
• Romosozumab

References

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