Streptomycin
Streptomycin
Streptomycin (/ˌstrɛptəˈmaɪsɪn/) is an antibiotic medication that is used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, endocarditis, and brucellosis. It is also used in the prevention of meningitis in those who have been exposed to meningitis-causing bacteria.
Etymology
The term "Streptomycin" is derived from the genus name Streptomyces of the actinobacteria from which it was first isolated, and the suffix "-mycin" which is used to denote antibiotics obtained from fungi or bacteria.
History
Streptomycin was first isolated on October 19, 1943, by Albert Schatz, a graduate student in the laboratory of Selman Waksman at Rutgers University in a research project funded by Merck & Co.. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic cure for tuberculosis.
Pharmacology
Streptomycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to the S12 protein of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, causing it to misread the genetic code.
Side Effects
Common side effects include vertigo, numbness, and hearing loss. If used during pregnancy, it can cause permanent hearing loss in the child.
Related Terms
- Antibiotic
- Tuberculosis
- Meningitis
- Endocarditis
- Brucellosis
- Albert Schatz
- Selman Waksman
- Rutgers University
- Merck & Co.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Streptomycin
- Wikipedia's article - Streptomycin
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