Suboccipital muscles

Suboccipital muscles are a group of four small muscles located at the base of the skull. They are responsible for minor movements of the head and first two vertebrae. The term "suboccipital" comes from the Latin words "sub", meaning under, and "occipital", which refers to the occipital bone at the back of the skull.

Anatomy

The suboccipital muscles include the Rectus capitis posterior major, Rectus capitis posterior minor, Obliquus capitis superior, and Obliquus capitis inferior. These muscles are located between the occipital bone and the first two cervical vertebrae, the atlas and axis.

Rectus capitis posterior major

The Rectus capitis posterior major originates from the spinous process of the axis and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.

Rectus capitis posterior minor

The Rectus capitis posterior minor originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas and inserts into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.

Obliquus capitis superior

The Obliquus capitis superior originates from the transverse process of the atlas and inserts into the area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone.

Obliquus capitis inferior

The Obliquus capitis inferior originates from the spinous process of the axis and inserts into the transverse process of the atlas.

Function

The suboccipital muscles contribute to movements of the head and neck. They are involved in extension and rotation of the head, and also play a role in proprioception, the body's sense of position and movement.

Clinical significance

Tension or strain in the suboccipital muscles can lead to headaches, neck pain, and other symptoms. This can be caused by poor posture, stress, or injury. Treatment may involve physical therapy, massage, or other interventions.

See also

• Muscular system
• Human head
• Neck

References

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