Terpinene

Terpinene

Biosynthesis of terpinene

Terpinene refers to a group of isomeric hydrocarbons that are classified as monoterpenes. These compounds are found in the essential oils of various plants and are known for their aromatic properties. Terpinene isomers include _-terpinene, _-terpinene, _-terpinene, and _-terpinene, each differing in the position of the double bonds within the molecular structure.

Structure and Properties

Terpinene isomers are cyclic hydrocarbons with the molecular formula C__H__. They are part of the terpene family, which are built from isoprene units. The structural differences among the terpinene isomers result in variations in their chemical and physical properties, such as boiling points and reactivity.

_-Terpinene

_-Terpinene is characterized by its pleasant lemon-like aroma. It is less stable than other isomers due to the presence of a conjugated diene system, which makes it more reactive.

_-Terpinene

_-Terpinene is less common and is not as well-studied as the other isomers. It is typically found in trace amounts in essential oils.

_-Terpinene

_-Terpinene is the most abundant isomer found in nature. It is a major component of the essential oils of cumin and coriander. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is used in the food and cosmetic industries.

_-Terpinene

_-Terpinene, also known as terpinolene, has a piney, floral aroma. It is used in the manufacture of fragrances and as a flavoring agent.

Biosynthesis

Terpinene isomers are biosynthesized in plants via the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. These pathways lead to the formation of geranyl pyrophosphate, which undergoes cyclization and rearrangement to form the different terpinene isomers.

Applications

Terpinene isomers are used in various applications due to their aromatic properties. They are commonly used in the production of fragrances, flavorings, and as intermediates in the synthesis of other chemical compounds. Additionally, some terpinene isomers have been studied for their potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Related Pages

• Monoterpene
• Essential oil
• Isoprene
• Mevalonate pathway
• Methylerythritol phosphate pathway