Nicotine dependence

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Nicotine dependence
File:Tobacco dependence 1.webm
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Craving, irritability, anxiety, depression, insomnia
Complications	Cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancer
Onset	Typically during adolescence
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco use
Risks	Genetic predisposition, peer pressure, mental health disorders
Diagnosis	Based on DSM-5 criteria
Differential diagnosis	Substance use disorder, anxiety disorder, depressive disorder
Prevention	Smoking cessation programs, public health campaigns
Treatment	Nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline, counseling
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Improved with cessation, risk of relapse
Frequency	Affects millions worldwide
Deaths	N/A

File:Anyone Can Become Addicted to Drugs.webm

Nicotine dependence

File:Smoking, Nicotine and Addiction - The Cold Hard Facts - The Real Cost.webm Nicotine dependence is a condition where an individual feels a compulsive need to use nicotine despite the potential health risks. It is a form of substance dependence that can lead to tobacco use disorder.

Causes

Nicotine dependence is primarily caused by the regular use of tobacco products. Nicotine, a key ingredient in tobacco, is a highly addictive substance that triggers the release of dopamine in the brain, leading to feelings of pleasure and reward. Over time, the brain becomes accustomed to these feelings and develops a tolerance to nicotine, requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effect. This leads to dependence.

Symptoms

Symptoms of nicotine dependence include:

• Cravings for tobacco
• Restlessness or irritability when unable to use tobacco
• Continued use of tobacco despite health problems
• Giving up social or recreational activities in order to use tobacco

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of nicotine dependence is based on a thorough clinical interview and assessment of the individual's symptoms and tobacco use history. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides criteria for diagnosing tobacco use disorder, which includes nicotine dependence.

Treatment

Treatment for nicotine dependence often involves a combination of medication and behavioral therapies. Medications such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline can help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Behavioral therapies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, can help individuals develop skills to resist the urge to use tobacco and cope with cravings.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for nicotine dependence include public health initiatives to discourage tobacco use, particularly among young people, and interventions to help current tobacco users quit.

See also

• Tobacco smoking
• Addiction
• Withdrawal

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