Transfer factor

An overview of transfer factors in immunology

Overview

Illustration of transfer factors in action

Transfer factors are small molecules that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are composed of amino acids and are derived from leukocytes. Transfer factors are known for their ability to transfer cell-mediated immunity from one individual to another. This property makes them a subject of interest in immunology and potential therapeutic applications.

History

The concept of transfer factors was first introduced in the 1950s by Dr. Henry Sherwood Lawrence, who discovered that an immune response could be transferred from a donor to a recipient through a dialyzable extract of white blood cells. This discovery opened new avenues for research into immune modulation and therapy.

Structure and Function

Transfer factors are composed of small peptides that are typically 44 amino acids in length. They are not species-specific, meaning they can function across different species. Transfer factors work by transferring specific antigen recognition information to the recipient's immune system, thereby enhancing its ability to respond to specific pathogens.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism by which transfer factors exert their effects involves the modulation of T cells, particularly helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. By enhancing the activity of these cells, transfer factors can improve the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. They are also thought to play a role in immune regulation, helping to maintain a balanced immune response.

Applications

Transfer factors have been explored for their potential use in treating various conditions, including infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. They are considered as a form of immunotherapy, aiming to boost the body's natural defense mechanisms.

Research and Development

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise molecular mechanisms of transfer factors and their potential therapeutic applications. Studies are being conducted to evaluate their efficacy and safety in clinical settings.

Related pages

• Immune system
• Immunotherapy
• T cells
• Antigen