Vocal cord dysfunction

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Vocal cord dysfunction
Synonyms	Paradoxical vocal fold motion, laryngeal dysfunction
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, throat tightness
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically adolescence or early adulthood
Duration	Episodes last minutes to hours
Types	N/A
Causes	Stress, exercise, irritants
Risks	Anxiety, gastroesophageal reflux disease
Diagnosis	Laryngoscopy, spirometry
Differential diagnosis	Asthma, vocal cord paralysis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Speech therapy, breathing exercises
Medication	Proton pump inhibitors, antihistamines
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Unknown, but more common in females
Deaths	N/A

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), also known as Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM), is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal functioning of the vocal cords. This condition often leads to voice changes, breathing difficulties, and other respiratory symptoms.

Causes

The exact cause of vocal cord dysfunction is not known. However, it is believed to be triggered by various factors such as stress, anxiety, exercise, and exposure to irritants like smoke or dust. Certain medical conditions like asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and postnasal drip can also contribute to the development of VCD.

Symptoms

The symptoms of vocal cord dysfunction can vary from person to person. Common symptoms include hoarseness, a feeling of tightness in the throat, difficulty breathing (especially during exercise), frequent coughing, and a sensation of choking. These symptoms can often be mistaken for those of other respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can make diagnosis challenging.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and specialized tests. These tests may include laryngoscopy, which allows the doctor to view the vocal cords and their movement, and spirometry, a test that measures lung function. In some cases, a psychological evaluation may also be conducted to identify any underlying stress or anxiety that may be contributing to the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for vocal cord dysfunction primarily focuses on managing the symptoms and triggers. This may involve speech therapy, which can teach techniques to control the vocal cords and improve breathing. Medications may also be prescribed to manage any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the VCD, such as asthma or GERD. In severe cases, surgery may be considered, although this is typically a last resort.

See also

• Vocal cords
• Laryngoscopy
• Spirometry
• Speech therapy

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