William P. Murphy
American physician and Nobel laureate
William Parry Murphy (February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George Minot and George Whipple for their work on pernicious anemia.
Early life and education
William P. Murphy was born in Stoughton, Wisconsin, and grew up in Cudahy, Wisconsin. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison and later transferred to Harvard Medical School, where he earned his medical degree in 1920.
Career
After completing his education, Murphy began his career at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. It was here that he conducted his groundbreaking research on pernicious anemia, a condition that was often fatal at the time.
Research on pernicious anemia
Murphy's research focused on the treatment of pernicious anemia, a disease characterized by the inability to absorb vitamin B12. Working alongside George Minot and George Whipple, Murphy discovered that feeding patients large amounts of liver could alleviate the symptoms of the disease. This was a significant breakthrough, as it provided a treatment for a previously incurable condition.
Nobel Prize
In 1934, Murphy, Minot, and Whipple were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anemia. Their work laid the foundation for the development of vitamin B12 therapy, which is still used today.
Later life
Murphy continued to work in the field of hematology and remained active in medical research throughout his life. He retired from active practice in 1958 but continued to be involved in medical education and research.
Legacy
William P. Murphy's contributions to medicine, particularly in the treatment of pernicious anemia, have had a lasting impact. His work not only saved countless lives but also advanced the understanding of hematological disorders.
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