Xylem
Xylem
Xylem (/ˈzaɪləm/; from the Greek ξύλον, "wood") is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem being the other. The basic function of xylem is to transport water from roots to stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients.
Etymology
The term xylem is derived from the Greek word ξύλον (xylon), which means "wood"; the best-known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout a plant.
Function
The primary function of the xylem is to transport water and nutrients from the roots to the shoots and leaves. However, it also serves other functions, such as structural support, storage, and defense against pathogens.
Structure
Xylem tissue consists of a variety of specialized, water-conducting cells known as tracheary elements. Together with phloem (tissue that transports sugars in a plant), xylem is found in all vascular plants, including the monocots and dicots.
Types
There are two types of xylem, primary and secondary. Primary xylem originates during the initial growth from the plant apical meristem and extends the length of the plant body. Secondary xylem forms as the plant ages and increases the girth of the plant body.
Related Terms
- Phloem: The vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
- Tracheids: Elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that serve in the transport of water and mineral salts.
- Vessel Elements: A short, wide cell found in the xylem of most angiosperms and a few nonflowering vascular plants, providing for the efficient conduction of water.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Xylem
- Wikipedia's article - Xylem
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