80S ribosome
80S Ribosome
The 80S Ribosome (/ˈraɪbəˌsoʊm/; from ribonucleic acid and the Greek: σώμα, meaning body) is a type of ribosome found in eukaryotes. It is formed from the association of two subunits, the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits.
Etymology
The term "80S" comes from the Svedberg unit, a non-SI unit for sedimentation rate. The Svedberg unit offers a measure of particle size based on its rate of travel in a tube of centrifuge. The "80S" ribosome is so named because it sediments at a rate of 80 Svedberg units.
Structure
The 80S Ribosome is composed of two subunits: the smaller 40S (Small Subunit) and the larger 60S (Large Subunit). Each subunit is made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (rProteins). The 40S subunit contains the 18S rRNA, while the 60S subunit contains the 28S, 5.8S, and 5S rRNA.
Function
The primary function of the 80S Ribosome is to facilitate the process of protein synthesis, also known as translation. It does this by decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acids, which are then linked together to form a polypeptide chain. This chain is later folded into a functional protein.
Related Terms
- Prokaryote: Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, which are smaller than the 80S ribosomes found in eukaryotes.
- Translation (biology): The process by which the 80S ribosome decodes mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
- Messenger RNA: The type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
- Amino Acid: The building blocks of proteins, which are linked together by the 80S ribosome during protein synthesis.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on 80S ribosome
- Wikipedia's article - 80S ribosome
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