John Newport Langley
John Newport Langley
John Newport Langley (== Template:IPA ==
The Template:IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.
Pronunciation
The pronunciation of the term "IPA" is /aɪ piː eɪ/ in English.
Etymology
The term "IPA" is an acronym for the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association, founded in 1886, created the IPA to provide a single, universal system for the transcription of spoken language.
Related Terms
- Phonetic notation: A system used to visually represent the sounds of speech. The IPA is one type of phonetic notation.
- Phonetics: The study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phonemes), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception.
- Phonology: The study of the way sounds function within a particular language or languages. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a particular language or languages.
- Transcription (linguistics): The systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source of the words transcribe and transcription, the term means "to write across" in Latin, and it's the process of converting spoken language into written form. In linguistics, this is often done using the IPA.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on John Newport Langley
- Wikipedia's article - John Newport Langley
This WikiMD dictionary article is a stub. You can help make it a full article.
Languages: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
Urdu,
বাংলা,
తెలుగు,
தமிழ்,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
русский,
português do Brasil,
Italian,
polski) was a British physiologist and pharmacologist who made significant contributions to the fields of autonomic nervous system and drug action. His work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of neurotransmission.
Etymology
The name "John" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "God is gracious". "Newport" is a common place name in England and Wales, and "Langley" is an Old English name meaning "long clearing".
Early Life and Education
John Newport Langley was born in Newbury, England, in 1852. He studied at the University of London and later at the University of Cambridge, where he developed an interest in the physiology of the nervous system.
Career
Langley is best known for his work on the autonomic nervous system. He introduced the concept of receptive substance, which later became known as receptors. He also proposed the existence of synapses, the junctions between nerve cells.
In the field of pharmacology, Langley studied the effects of various drugs on the body. He was particularly interested in the action of nicotine and muscarine, two substances that affect the nervous system.
Legacy
Langley's work has had a profound impact on the fields of physiology and pharmacology. His theories on the autonomic nervous system and drug action have shaped modern understanding of these areas.
Related Terms
- Physiology
- Pharmacology
- Autonomic nervous system
- Neurotransmission
- Receptors
- Synapse
- Nicotine
- Muscarine
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on John Newport Langley
- Wikipedia's article - John Newport Langley
This WikiMD dictionary article is a stub. You can help make it a full article.
Languages: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
Urdu,
বাংলা,
తెలుగు,
தமிழ்,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
русский,
português do Brasil,
Italian,
polski