Viral encephalitis

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Viral Encephalitis

Viral encephalitis (/vɪˈraɪl ɛnˌsɛfəˈlaɪtɪs/) is an inflammation of the brain caused by a virus. The term comes from the Greek words "enkephalos" (brain) and "itis" (inflammation).

Causes

Viral encephalitis can be caused by several types of viruses, including herpes simplex virus (the most common cause), arboviruses, which are transmitted by mosquitoes and other insects, and enteroviruses, such as the poliovirus and the coxsackievirus.

Symptoms

Symptoms of viral encephalitis can include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and, in severe cases, coma and death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of viral encephalitis typically involves a combination of clinical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may also be performed to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid.

Treatment

Treatment for viral encephalitis generally involves supportive care, with measures to help control symptoms and keep the patient comfortable. Antiviral medications may be used in some cases, particularly for encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Prognosis

The prognosis for viral encephalitis varies depending on the specific virus involved, the severity of the inflammation, and the patient's age and overall health. Some people recover fully, while others may have long-term neurological complications.

See also

External links

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