Cortinariaceae

A family of fungi in the order Agaricales

The Cortinariaceae is a large family of fungi in the order Agaricales. This family is primarily known for the genus Cortinarius, which is one of the largest genera of mushrooms in the world. Members of this family are characterized by their cortina, a web-like veil that covers the gills of young mushrooms.

Description

The Cortinariaceae family includes a wide variety of mushroom species, many of which are found in temperate and boreal forests. The defining feature of this family is the presence of a cortina, which is a fine, cobweb-like veil that protects the developing spores on the gills. As the mushroom matures, the cortina often leaves a characteristic ring or zone on the stipe (stem).

Morphology

Members of the Cortinariaceae family typically have a pileus (cap) that can range in shape from convex to flat, and the surface can be smooth, viscid, or fibrillose. The gills are usually attached to the stipe and can be adnate, adnexed, or sinuate. The spore print is typically rusty brown, a key identifying feature of this family.

Ecology

Cortinariaceae fungi are primarily mycorrhizal, forming symbiotic relationships with trees and other plants. This ecological role is crucial for nutrient exchange in forest ecosystems. Some species are also saprotrophic, decomposing organic matter in the soil.

Notable Genera

Cortinarius

Cortinarius is the largest genus within the Cortinariaceae family, with over 2,000 species. These mushrooms are known for their diverse colors and forms, and they are often found in coniferous and deciduous forests.

Gymnopilus

Gymnopilus is another genus within the family, known for its bright orange to yellow mushrooms. Some species in this genus contain psychoactive compounds.

Galerina

Galerina includes small, brown mushrooms that are often found on decaying wood. Some species are highly toxic and contain amatoxins.

Toxicity

Many species within the Cortinariaceae family are toxic, and some are deadly if consumed. The presence of orellanine in certain species, such as Cortinarius rubellus and Cortinarius orellanus, can cause severe kidney damage and even death. It is crucial to accurately identify mushrooms before consumption.

Related pages

• Fungi
• Basidiomycota
• Agaricales
• Mycorrhiza