Psychoactive
Psychoactive
Psychoactive (pronunciation: /ˌsaɪkoʊˈæktɪv/), also known as psychotropic, is a term that originates from the Greek words ψυχή (psyche), meaning "mind", and δραστικός (drastikos), meaning "active". It refers to chemical substances that change the function of the central nervous system and can alter perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior.
Psychoactive substances may be used medically; for recreation; for spiritual purposes; or for research. They can be derived from natural sources (such as plants and fungi) or produced synthetically.
Types of Psychoactive Substances
Psychoactive substances are typically categorized into four major groups: stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids.
- Stimulants are substances that enhance the activity of the central nervous system and the body. Examples include caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamines.
- Depressants slow down the activity of the central nervous system. Examples include alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates.
- Hallucinogens alter perception, thoughts, and feelings. Examples include LSD, psilocybin, and DMT.
- Opioids produce a sense of euphoria and are used for pain relief. Examples include morphine, heroin, and fentanyl.
Effects of Psychoactive Substances
The effects of psychoactive substances can vary widely depending on the specific substance, the dose, the method of use, the individual's body chemistry, and the context in which it is used. Effects can range from mild changes in perception or mood to severe impairments in cognition, behavior, and physical health.
Risks and Addiction
The use of psychoactive substances can lead to a range of health risks, including addiction. Addiction is a complex condition characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Psychoactive
- Wikipedia's article - Psychoactive
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