Breech birth

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Breech birth
File:Breechpre.jpg
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Buttocks or feet first presentation during childbirth
Complications	Umbilical cord prolapse, birth asphyxia, birth trauma
Onset	Pregnancy
Duration	Until delivery
Types	Frank breech, complete breech, footling breech
Causes	Premature birth, multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, uterine abnormalities
Risks	Preterm birth, fetal abnormalities, placenta previa
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Cephalic presentation
Prevention	External cephalic version
Treatment	Cesarean section, vaginal breech delivery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with proper management
Frequency	~3-4% of full-term births
Deaths	N/A

A breech birth occurs when a baby is positioned to be delivered feet or buttocks first, as opposed to the typical head-first position. This birth presentation, although less common, may present more challenges during labor and delivery.

File:Breechpre.jpg

Breechpre

Types of Breech Presentations

• Breech positions are primarily divided into three types:
• Frank breech: The baby's buttocks are aimed at the birth canal with its legs sticking straight up in front of its body and the feet near the head.
• Complete breech: The buttocks lead the way out of the uterus, the hips and knees are both flexed, and the legs are folded in front of the body.
• Footling breech: One or both of the baby's feet point downward and will deliver before the rest of the body.

Causes of Breech Birth

The exact cause of a breech birth is not completely understood. It's believed to be a combination of multiple factors, such as pregnancy history, the mother's health condition, the baby's gestational age, the amount of amniotic fluid, and the shape and size of the uterus.

Diagnosis and Management

• Breech presentations are often diagnosed through physical examinations and confirmed with ultrasound.
• Once a breech position is confirmed, there are a few options that might be considered:
• External cephalic version (ECV): A procedure where a healthcare provider uses their hands to apply pressure on the mother's abdomen to turn the baby in the uterus.
• Natural techniques: Some methods, like certain positions or exercises, are suggested to encourage the baby to turn.
• Breech delivery: If the baby remains in breech position, a vaginal breech delivery can be considered, depending on specific circumstances.
• Cesarean section (C-section): In many cases, especially when there's a perceived risk to the mother or baby, a C-section might be recommended.

Risks and Complications

Breech births, especially vaginal breech deliveries, may have increased risks, including cord prolapse, birth injuries, or asphyxia due to difficulties in delivering the baby's head. Therefore, the management of breech presentations requires careful consideration and discussion with the healthcare team.

References

<references>

• "Breech birth". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
• "What are the different types of breech birth?". American Pregnancy Association. Retrieved 2023-05-25.