Light chain deposition disease

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Light chain deposition disease
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Proteinuria, Nephrotic syndrome, Renal failure
Complications	Chronic kidney disease, End-stage renal disease
Onset	Typically in adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains
Risks	Monoclonal gammopathy, Multiple myeloma
Diagnosis	Renal biopsy, Serum free light chain assay
Differential diagnosis	Amyloidosis, Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Chemotherapy, Stem cell transplantation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on response to treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare condition that occurs when proteins produced by the body's immune system (light chains) accumulate in various organs, leading to organ damage. This disease is often associated with multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer.

Causes

LCDD is caused by the overproduction of light chains by plasma cells. These light chains can deposit in various organs, including the kidney, heart, liver, and nervous system. The exact reason why these light chains deposit in the organs is not fully understood.

Symptoms

The symptoms of LCDD can vary depending on the organ affected. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and swelling in the legs and ankles. If the kidneys are affected, symptoms may include proteinuria (protein in the urine), hematuria (blood in the urine), and renal failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of LCDD is often challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, urine tests, and biopsy of the affected organ. The presence of light chains in the urine or blood can suggest LCDD.

Treatment

Treatment for LCDD is aimed at reducing the production of light chains. This can be achieved through chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or medications that target the plasma cells. In severe cases, dialysis may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for LCDD varies depending on the organ affected and the severity of the disease. Early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis.

See also

• Multiple myeloma
• Amyloidosis
• Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

References

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