Mitochondrial toxicity
Mitochondrial Toxicity
Mitochondrial toxicity (/maɪtəˈkɒndrɪəl tɒkˈsɪsɪti/) is a pathological condition that occurs when the mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles within cells, are damaged or impaired by harmful substances or conditions.
Etymology
The term "mitochondrial toxicity" is derived from the Greek words "mitos" (thread) and "chondrion" (granule), referring to the thread-like granules that mitochondria resemble under a microscope. "Toxicity" comes from the Greek "toxikon," meaning poison.
Causes
Mitochondrial toxicity can be caused by a variety of factors, including environmental toxins, certain medications, and genetic disorders. Some of the most common medications known to cause mitochondrial toxicity include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), a class of drugs used to treat HIV and hepatitis B.
Symptoms
Symptoms of mitochondrial toxicity can vary widely, depending on the severity of the damage and the cells affected. They can range from mild fatigue and muscle weakness to serious conditions such as lactic acidosis, neuropathy, and organ failure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of mitochondrial toxicity typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and sometimes, a muscle biopsy. Genetic testing may also be used to identify any underlying genetic disorders that may be contributing to the condition.
Treatment
Treatment for mitochondrial toxicity typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as discontinuing the offending medication or reducing exposure to environmental toxins. In some cases, coenzyme Q10 and other antioxidants may be used to help protect the mitochondria from further damage.
Related Terms
- Mitochondrial disease
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- Mitochondrial myopathy
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mitochondrial toxicity
- Wikipedia's article - Mitochondrial toxicity
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