Neuromyelitis optica

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Neuromyelitis optica (pronunciation: new-row-my-uh-lie-tis op-tic-uh), also known as Devic's disease or Devic's syndrome, is a chronic disorder of nerve tissue characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve (Optic neuritis) and the spinal cord (Myelitis). The etymology of the term comes from the Greek words neuron (nerve), myelos (marrow, indicating the spinal cord), and optikos (of sight).

Definition

Neuromyelitis optica is a type of autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the eyes and spinal cord but can also affect the brain. It is characterized by the body's immune system attacking its own healthy cells, particularly the astrocytes in the central nervous system.

Symptoms

The symptoms of neuromyelitis optica are diverse and may include loss of vision (Blindness), eye pain, weakness or paralysis of the limbs, loss of sensation, uncontrollable vomiting and hiccups, and difficulty with coordination and balance (Ataxia).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica is typically based on clinical presentation, MRI findings, and the presence of a specific antibody (NMO-IgG) in the blood.

Treatment

While there is no cure for neuromyelitis optica, treatments are available to manage symptoms and prevent relapses. These may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and Plasmapheresis.

Epidemiology

Neuromyelitis optica is a rare condition, affecting about 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. It is more common in women than in men, and the onset is typically in adulthood.

See also

External links

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