Pacemaker
Pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart. The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the heart's natural pacemaker is not fast enough, or there is a block in the heart's electrical conduction system. Modern pacemakers are externally programmable and allow a cardiologist, particularly a cardiac electrophysiologist to select the optimal pacing modes for individual patients.
History
The development of the artificial pacemaker has involved many innovations. The first wearable pacemaker was designed and built by the Canadian electrical engineer John Hopps in 1950 based on the external design of Paul Zoll which was used in 1952. It was almost 30 years later that the first implantable pacemaker was used.
Types
Pacemakers are classified by the number of leads connected to the heart, the number of chambers paced, and the number of chambers sensed. A lead is an insulated wire that is connected to the heart muscle and delivers the electrical signals from the pacemaker. There are single chamber, dual chamber, and biventricular pacemakers.
Function
The pacemaker works by sending small electrical impulses to the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart rate and rhythm. A sensor, called a lead, is placed near the heart wall to monitor the heart's rhythm. The sensor sends a signal to the pacemaker generator, which sends an electrical impulse to the heart if it is beating too slowly or if it misses a beat.
Risks
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with the implantation of a pacemaker. These risks can include infection at the surgical site, allergic reaction to the device material, and bleeding or bruising in the area where the pacemaker was placed.
Gallery
- Biotronik Philos SR Single-chamber cardiac pacemaker 29.01.21 JM.jpg
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- Boston Scientific Altrua 50 Dual-chamber cardiac pacemaker 29.01.21 JM (2).jpg
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See also
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart neoplasia
- Ischemic heart diseases
- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
- Valvular heart disease
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Arteriosclerotic heart disease
- Athletic heart syndrome
- Atrial flutter
- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B
C
- Ebb Cade
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Cardiac asthma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Cardiogeriatrics
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carditis
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery anomaly
- Coronary artery disease
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery ectasia
- Coronary occlusion
- Coronary steal
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Cœur en sabot
- Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
D
E
H
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- Heart to Heart (1949 film)
- High-output heart failure
- Hyperdynamic precordium
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
K
L
M
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
N
O
P
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pulmonary vein stenosis
R
S
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
- SCAR-Fc
- Shone's syndrome
- Strain pattern
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
T
V
W
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