STAT5

STAT5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT5A and STAT5B genes. It is a member of the STAT protein family and is involved in cytokine signaling.

Function

STAT5 proteins are transcription factors that play critical roles in various biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, development, and sex differentiation. They are activated by a variety of ligands including growth hormone, prolactin, and cytokines.

Structure

The STAT5 proteins have a modular structure that consists of an N-terminal domain, a coiled-coil domain, a DNA-binding domain, a linker domain, an SH2 domain, and a transactivation domain. The N-terminal domain is involved in tetramer formation, the coiled-coil domain is involved in protein-protein interactions, the DNA-binding domain recognizes specific DNA sequences, the linker domain facilitates DNA binding, the SH2 domain is involved in receptor binding, and the transactivation domain is involved in transcriptional activation.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the STAT5 genes have been associated with various diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency. In particular, constitutive activation of STAT5 has been implicated in the development of leukemia and lymphoma.

See also

• Signal transducer and activator of transcription
• STAT protein family
• Cytokine

External links

• STAT5A at NCBI
• STAT5B at NCBI

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