Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome

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Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome
X-ray showing Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome
Synonyms	SLJ syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Orthopedics
Symptoms	Knee pain, swelling
Complications	N/A
Onset	Adolescence
Duration
Types	N/A
Causes	Overuse, repetitive stress
Risks	Athletic activity, growth spurts
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Osgood-Schlatter disease, Patellar tendinitis
Prevention	Proper training techniques, rest
Treatment	Rest, ice, physical therapy
Medication	NSAIDs
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Common in adolescent athletes
Deaths	N/A

Sinding-Larsen and Johansson Syndrome (SLJS) is a condition affecting the knee joint, specifically at the point where the patellar tendon attaches to the patella, or kneecap. This syndrome is considered an overuse injury and is most commonly seen in young athletes who participate in sports that involve a lot of jumping or rapid changes in direction. The condition is named after the Norwegian physician Christian Magnus Falsen Sinding-Larsen and the Swedish physician Sven Christian Johansson, who independently described the syndrome in the early 20th century.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of SLJS is pain at the lower tip of the patella, which is exacerbated by physical activity and relieved by rest. The pain is typically localized and can be sharp or dull. Swelling and tenderness at the site of the patellar tendon attachment may also be present. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and physical examination findings. Imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRI, can be used to rule out other conditions and to confirm the diagnosis by showing characteristic changes in the patella at the tendon attachment site.

Causes and Risk Factors

SLJS is caused by repetitive stress on the patellar tendon attachment at the patella, leading to inflammation and, in some cases, micro-tears. This condition is most common in adolescents experiencing growth spurts, as the rapid bone growth can place additional stress on the tendons and muscles. Risk factors include participation in sports that involve high-impact activities, such as basketball, soccer, gymnastics, and track and field.

Treatment

The mainstay of treatment for SLJS is rest and avoidance of activities that exacerbate symptoms. Ice and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to reduce pain and swelling. Physical therapy may be recommended to strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, thereby reducing the load on the patellar tendon. In rare cases, when conservative treatment fails, surgery may be considered.

Prevention

Preventive measures for SLJS include proper warm-up and stretching before sports, gradual increase in activity levels, and the use of appropriate footwear. Strengthening exercises for the leg muscles, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, can also help reduce the risk of developing this syndrome.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with SLJS is generally excellent, with most patients responding well to conservative treatment measures. Full recovery can be expected within a few months, although individuals may need to modify their activity levels to prevent recurrence.

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