Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy
Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE; pronounced: /ˈsliːp rɪˈleɪtɪd haɪpərˈmoʊtər ˈɛpɪˌlɛpsi/), formerly known as Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (NFLE), is a type of epilepsy that causes abnormal movements during sleep. The etymology of the term comes from the Greek words "hypnos" (sleep), "hyper" (excessive), "motor" (movement), and "epilepsia" (seizure).
Overview
SHE is characterized by the occurrence of seizures during sleep, which can range from simple jerking of the limbs to complex sequences of movements, such as kicking, punching, or even running. These seizures are typically brief, lasting less than 2 minutes, but can occur multiple times during a night's sleep.
Causes
The exact cause of SHE is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a dysfunction in the frontal lobe of the brain, which controls movement. Some studies suggest a genetic component, with mutations in the CHRNA4, CHRNB2, and KCNQ2 genes being associated with the condition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of SHE is based on the patient's symptoms and sleep history, as well as electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. An overnight sleep study, or polysomnography, may also be performed to capture the seizures and analyze the brain's activity during sleep.
Treatment
Treatment for SHE typically involves the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, or lamotrigine. In some cases, surgery may be considered if the seizures are localized to a specific area of the brain and are not controlled by medication.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy
- Wikipedia's article - Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy
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