Transposable element
Transposable Element
A Transposable Element (pronunciation: trans-poh-zuh-buhl el-uh-muhnt), also known as a transposon (pronunciation: trans-poh-zon), is a segment of DNA that can change its position within the genome of a single cell, a process called transposition. This can create or reverse mutations and alter the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
Etymology
The term "Transposable Element" was coined by American scientist Barbara McClintock in 1950. The term is derived from the Latin transponere, meaning "to transpose" or "to change place", and the English element, referring to a fundamental or essential constituent of a complex entity.
Types of Transposable Elements
Transposable elements can be classified into two major types: Class I (retrotransposons) and Class II (DNA transposons).
- Retrotransposons (pronunciation: retro-trans-poh-zons) are transposable elements that move within the genome by being transcribed into RNA, then reverse-transcribed into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
- DNA transposons (pronunciation: dee-en-ay trans-poh-zons) move by a "cut and paste" mechanism, whereby the element is excised from one location and reinserted at a new site.
Impact on Genome
Transposable elements can have profound effects on the genome by causing mutations, altering gene expression, and contributing to genetic diversity and evolution. They can also cause diseases, such as hemophilia and cancer, when they insert themselves into functional genes.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Transposable element
- Wikipedia's article - Transposable element
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