Glossary of psychiatry

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Glossary of Psychiatry

Psychiatry (pronounced /saɪˈkaɪətri/, from the Greek psyche, meaning 'mind' or 'soul', and iatros, meaning 'healer') is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

A

Anxiety (pronounced /æŋˈzaɪəti/): A feeling of unease, such as worry or fear, that can be mild or severe. It is often associated with certain mental health disorders, including panic disorder, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

B

Bipolar disorder (pronounced /baɪˈpoʊlər dɪsˈɔːrdər/): A mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).

C

Cognitive behavioral therapy (pronounced /kɒɡnɪtɪv biːheɪvjərəl θɛrəpi/): A type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors.

D

Depression (pronounced /dɪˈprɛʃən/): A common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. It causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.

E

Eating disorders (pronounced /ˈiːtɪŋ dɪsˈɔːrdərz/): Any of a range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits.

F

Forensic psychiatry (pronounced /fəˈrɛnsɪk saɪˈkaɪətri/): A sub-speciality of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry.

G

Generalized anxiety disorder (pronounced /ˌdʒɛnərəˌlaɪzd æŋˈzaɪəti dɪsˈɔːrdər/): Chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.

H

Hallucination (pronounced /həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃən/): Perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real perception.

I

Insomnia (pronounced /ɪnˈsɒmniə/): A sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling and/or staying asleep.

J

Juvenile psychiatry (pronounced /ˈdʒuːvənaɪl saɪˈkaɪətri/): Also known as child and adolescent psychiatry, it is a branch of psychiatry that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families.

K

Kleptomania (pronounced /ˌklɛptəˈmeɪniə/): The inability to refrain from the urge for stealing items and is usually done for reasons other than personal use or financial gain.

L

Lobotomy (pronounced /ləˈbɒtəmi/): A neurosurgical procedure, a form of psychosurgery, also known as a leukotomy or leucotomy.

M

Mania (pronounced /ˈmeɪniə/): A state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect."

N

Narcissistic personality disorder (pronounced /ˌnɑːrsɪˈsɪstɪk pərˈsɒnælɪti dɪsˈɔːrdər/): A mental condition in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for others.

O

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (pronounced /əbˈsɛsɪv kəmˈpʌlsɪv dɪsˈɔːrdər/): An anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions).

P

Psychosis (pronounced /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/): A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality.

Q

Quetiapine (pronounced /kwɪˈtaɪəpiːn/): An atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.

R

Reactive attachment disorder (pronounced /riˈæktɪv əˈtætʃmənt dɪsˈɔːrdər/): A rare but serious condition in which an infant or young child doesn't establish healthy attachments with parents or caregivers.

S

Schizophrenia (pronounced /ˌskɪtsəˈfriːniə/): A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.

T

Therapy (pronounced /ˈθɛrəpi/): Treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder.

U

Unipolar depression (pronounced /ˌjuːnɪˈpoʊlər dɪˈprɛʃən/): Also known as major depressive disorder (MDD), it is characterized by a persistent low mood and self-esteem, and a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

V

Voyeurism (pronounced /vwaɪˈɜːrɪzəm/): The practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.

W

Withdrawal (pronounced /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/): The combination of physical and mental effects that a person experiences after they stop using or reduce their intake of a substance such as alcohol and prescription or recreational drugs.

X

Xenophobia (pronounced /ˌzɛnəˈfoʊbiə/): An irrational fear or hatred of anything that is strange or foreign, or that is not native to one's own country.

Y

Youth psychiatry (pronounced /juːθ saɪˈkaɪətri/): A branch of psychiatry that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families.

Z

Zolpidem (pronounced /ˈzɒlpɪdɛm/): A prescription medication used for the treatment of insomnia and some brain disorders.

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