Diabetic foot

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Diabetic foot
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Ulcers, infection, gangrene
Complications	Amputation, sepsis, osteomyelitis
Onset	Typically in patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease
Risks	Poor glycemic control, smoking, obesity, hypertension
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, imaging studies, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Venous ulcer, arterial ulcer, pressure ulcer
Prevention	Blood sugar control, foot care, regular check-ups
Treatment	Wound care, antibiotics, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and management
Frequency	Common in patients with diabetes
Deaths	N/A

Diabetic Foot Syndrome

A diabetic foot ulcer, a common complication of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic foot

Diabetic foot refers to various foot-related pathologies associated with diabetes mellitus or its chronic complications. This collective term, diabetic foot syndrome, encompasses a range of disorders.

Introduction

Diabetic foot syndrome encompasses various pathologies resulting from either direct effects of diabetes or its long-term complications. It's a significant concern in diabetic care due to its potential severity and impact on quality of life.

Pathogenesis

Blood Circulation Effects

Diabetes affects blood circulation, particularly in extremities like the feet. Reduced blood flow can lead to numerous complications, including delayed wound healing and increased infection risks.

Nerve Function Impairment

Neuropathy, or nerve damage, is a common consequence of diabetes. It can lead to loss of sensation in the feet, making it difficult for patients to notice injuries or changes in foot health.

Complications

Ulceration

Diabetic foot ulcers are a major risk for individuals with diabetes. These are wounds or sores that do not heal easily and are prone to recurrence. Research suggests a lifetime risk for diabetics between 15% and 25%.

Infection

Due to a weakened immune system and reduced blood flow, diabetic individuals are more susceptible to foot infections. These can be severe and may lead to more serious health issues, including the need for amputation.

Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy (Charcot Foot)

Characterized by weakened bones in the foot, leading to fractures often without significant trauma. This is attributed to the nerve damage (neuropathy) commonly seen in long-standing diabetes.

Prevention

Preventive measures are crucial in managing diabetic foot syndrome. These include:

Regular Monitoring

Regular foot examinations and monitoring are essential for early detection of potential issues.

Blood Sugar Control

Maintaining optimal blood sugar levels is key in reducing the risk of complications.

Management

Effective management of diabetic foot complications includes:

Foot Care

Proper foot hygiene and care are essential for preventing ulcers and infections.

Appropriate Footwear

Wearing the right footwear helps in reducing the risk of injuries and complications.

• Inspecting feet daily for cuts, blisters, redness, and swelling.
• Keeping feet clean and dry.
• Moisturizing the feet but avoiding the area between the toes.
• Cutting nails straight across and filing the edges.
• Avoiding going barefoot and wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes.
• Consulting a healthcare provider at the first sign of any foot problems.

Proper care and early detection can play a significant role in reducing the morbidity associated with diabetic foot and ensuring a better quality of life for those with diabetes mellitus.

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