Hyperphosphatemia

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Hyperphosphatemia (pronounced: hi-per-fos-fa-TEE-mee-uh) is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of phosphate in the blood.

Etymology

The term "Hyperphosphatemia" is derived from the Greek words "hyper" meaning over, "phosphat" referring to phosphate, and "emia" meaning presence in blood.

Definition

Hyperphosphatemia is a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of phosphate in the blood, typically above 4.5 mg/dL. Phosphate is a chemical that contains the mineral phosphorus, which is essential for the formation of teeth, bones, and DNA, and is involved in energy production in the body.

Causes

Hyperphosphatemia can be caused by various conditions, including kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis, and excessive intake of phosphate from diet or supplements. Certain medications, such as laxatives containing phosphate, can also lead to this condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia can vary and may include muscle cramps, joint pain, and skin rashes. In severe cases, it can lead to calcification of tissues and organs, which can cause serious complications such as heart disease and stroke.

Treatment

Treatment for hyperphosphatemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include changes in diet, medications, or treatment of the underlying disease. In some cases, phosphate binders may be used to reduce the level of phosphate in the blood.

Related Terms

  • Hypophosphatemia: A condition characterized by low levels of phosphate in the blood.
  • Phosphorus: A mineral that is essential for the body's energy production and other functions.
  • Parathyroid hormone: A hormone that regulates the body's calcium and phosphate levels.

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