Sigma-1 receptor
Sigma-1 receptor
The Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), pronounced as /ˈsɪɡmə wʌn riˈsɛptər/, is a chaperone protein that resides mainly at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM). The etymology of the term originates from the Greek letter "sigma" (σ), used in pharmacology to denote this unique class of receptors, and "1" indicating its subtype.
Function
The Sigma-1 receptor is known to modulate the function of several ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). It plays a significant role in various biological functions, including neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, and cell survival.
Clinical significance
Sigma-1 receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and pain. They are the target of several types of pharmaceutical drugs, including antidepressants and antipsychotics.
Ligands
Several ligands bind to the Sigma-1 receptor, including dextromethorphan, cocaine, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). These ligands can act as either agonists or antagonists of the Sigma-1 receptor.
Related terms
- Sigma-2 receptor: Another subtype of sigma receptors.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: A type of organelle where Sigma-1 receptors are found.
- Mitochondria: An organelle that is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane where Sigma-1 receptors reside.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sigma-1 receptor
- Wikipedia's article - Sigma-1 receptor
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