Clinodactyly

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Clinodactyly
Synonyms	Brachymesophalangia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Curved finger, usually the fifth finger
Complications	Functional impairment
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic
Risks	Genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Camptodactyly, Polydactyly
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgery if severe
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Clinodactyly is a congenital condition characterized by the abnormal curvature of one or more fingers or toes. The term derives from the Greek words klinein, meaning "to bend," and daktylos, meaning "finger." Although clinodactyly can occur in any of the fingers or toes, it most commonly affects the little fingers and is often diagnosed in early childhood. This condition can vary in severity, from a slight bend that does not affect function to a significant curvature that may impair the use of the affected digit.

Picture of right hand

Clinodactyly is considered a relatively common congenital malformation, presenting as a deviation or bending of a digit towards the radial or ulnar side of the hand or foot. It may occur as an isolated condition or as part of a syndrome involving other anomalies.

A hand demonstrating clinodactyly of the little finger.

Causes

Clinodactyly is often hereditary, passed down from parents to their children through genes. It can also be associated with various genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. The condition results from abnormal development of the bones in the finger or toe, specifically the middle bone, known as the phalanx.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of clinodactyly is the visible curvature of the affected digit. The degree of curvature can vary, and in some cases, it may lead to functional limitations or difficulty with certain activities that require fine motor skills.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of clinodactyly typically involves a physical examination and, if necessary, imaging tests such as X-rays to assess the severity of the curvature and to plan for potential treatment. Genetic testing may also be recommended if the condition is suspected to be part of a syndrome.

Treatment

Treatment for clinodactyly depends on the severity of the condition and whether it is causing functional impairment. Mild cases may not require treatment. For more severe cases, options may include physical therapy, splinting, or surgery to straighten the affected digit.

Significance

Understanding clinodactyly is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention, especially when associated with broader syndromic conditions. Early treatment can improve function in the affected digit and reduce the likelihood of complications later in life.

See Also

• Congenital malformation
• Genetic disorders
• Orthopedics

External Links

• Genetics Home Reference - Clinodactyly
• National Center for Biotechnology Information - Clinodactyly

References

• "Clinodactyly: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment." Pediatrics.
• "Management of Clinodactyly and Associated Anomalies." Journal of Hand Surgery.

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