Glossary of diabetes

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Glossary of Diabetes

Diabetes (pronounced /daɪəˈbiːtiːz/ or /daɪəˈbiːtɪs/) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word "diabainein," which means "to pass through," referring to the excessive amount of urine produced by individuals with this condition.

Related Terms

  • Glucose (pronounced /ˈɡluːkoʊs/): A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates. It is the primary source of energy for the body's cells and is particularly critical for the brain.
  • Insulin (pronounced /ˈɪnsʊlɪn/): A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin, or an inability to adequately respond to insulin, can each lead to the development of the symptoms of diabetes.
  • Pancreas (pronounced /ˈpæŋkriəs/): A glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is an integral part of the digestive system and a critical controller of blood sugar levels.
  • Hyperglycemia (pronounced /ˌhaɪpərɡlaɪˈsiːmiə/): An abnormally high blood glucose (blood sugar) level. It is a hallmark sign of diabetes (both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes) and prediabetes.
  • Hypoglycemia (pronounced /ˌhaɪpoʊɡlaɪˈsiːmiə/): A condition characterized by an abnormally low level of blood sugar (glucose), your body's main energy source. Hypoglycemia is commonly associated with the treatment of diabetes.
  • Type 1 Diabetes (pronounced /taɪp wʌn daɪəˈbiːtiːz/): A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. It typically appears in adolescence but can develop at any age.
  • Type 2 Diabetes (pronounced /taɪp tuː daɪəˈbiːtiːz/): A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). It is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells fail to respond to insulin properly.
  • Gestational Diabetes (pronounced /ˌdʒɛstəˈʃənəl daɪəˈbiːtiːz/): A form of high blood sugar affecting pregnant women. It is usually diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than reported symptoms.

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